Endosymbiosis: Bacteria Sharing the Load

نویسنده

  • Patrick J. Keeling
چکیده

A nested set of bacterial endosymbionts within mealybug cells collectively provides amino acids to their host, but their genomes show that some pathways are distributed between both endosymbionts, while other essential proteins are missing altogether. The possibility that additional functions are shared between partners warrants comparisons with organelles.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Voltage Control and Load Sharing in a DC Islanded Microgrid Based on Disturbance Observer

Increasing DC loads along with DC nature of distributed energy resources (DERs) raises interest to DC microgrids. Conventional droop/non-droop power-sharing in microgrids suffers from load dependent voltage deviation, slow transient response, and requires the parameters of the loads, system and DERs connection status. In this paper, a new nonlinear decentralized back-stepping control strategy f...

متن کامل

Load Sharing Control of Parallel Inverters with Uncertainty in the Output Filter Impedances for Islanding Operation of AC Micro-Grid

Parallel connection of inverter modules is a solution to increase reliability, efficiency and redundancy of inverters in Micro-Grid system. Proper load sharing among parallel inverters is a key point. The circulating current among the inverters can greatly reduce the efficiency or even cause instability of the system. In this paper, a control strategy for improving the load sharing performance ...

متن کامل

Accurate power sharing for parallel DGs in microgrid with various-type loads

Microgrids are nowadays used to produce electric energy with more efficiency and advantage. However, the use of microgrids presents some challenges. One of the main problems of the microgrids widely used in electrical power systems is the control of voltage, frequency and load sharing balance among inverter- based distributed generators (DGs) in islanded mode. Droop method performance degra...

متن کامل

Accurate power sharing for parallel DGs in microgrid with various-type loads

Microgrids are nowadays used to produce electric energy with more efficiency and advantage. However, the use of microgrids presents some challenges. One of the main problems of the microgrids widely used in electrical power systems is the control of voltage, frequency and load sharing balance among inverter- based distributed generators (DGs) in islanded mode. Droop method performance degra...

متن کامل

تقسیم بار بین اینورترهای موازی میکروگرید با استفاده از روش کنترل تک‌سیکلی

This paper investigate the properties of the circulating current and load sharing in parallel microgrid inverters. The existing methods cannot minimize efficient circulating current for the case of nonlinear load. The one-cycle control (OCC) technique and virtual complex impedance loop are included in the proposed controller in order to proper load sharing and reduce the circulating current due...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Current Biology

دوره 21  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2011